Thursday, January 13, 2011

Timeline: Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age

The Chalcolithic is also known as the Copper Age.  It is a lesser-known division of human development that appears to be an optional intermediate step between Stone and Bronze.  Not every civilization enters a Copper Age at all.  This may be because the technology and skills required to work pure copper are fairly advanced; copper in a pure state is fairly difficult to extract.  It may be simply that we haven't found any copper artifacts in some areas, because copper corrodes.

Whether or not a human civilization works with copper on its own as a true Age of development, most civilizations enter a period known as the Bronze Age.  In Earth-history terms, the Bronze Age in the West lasted from about 3000 BCE – 1200 BCE, during which the world saw the rise of the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians, and the Babylonians; the epic of Gilgamesh was written in Sumer; the Hebrews had fled from Ramses II in Egypt across the Sinai.  Cuneiform had been developed along the Tigris and Euphrates, and scribes deployed hundreds of complex hieroglyphics along the Nile.  The Mycenaeans — not yet even called Greeks — had crushed the peaceful Minoans at Knossos, forever sealing the mystery of the writing known as Linear A.  Phoenicia was a little protectorate of Egypt in the Levant.  Rome was still only a glint in Aeneas's eye.

Here is the previous timeline for the Stone Age, or you may wish to skip ahead to the Iron Age.

YearEvent
100,000The Sawandar tribes discover domesticated dern and skelt. Their stone-shaping magic helps them construct houses and tools, and their experience with underground gardening has given them a jump on the Agricultural Revolution.
101,000The Sawandar tribes have invented beer. This new invention, unavailable in the wild, increases the raids on the town of Skeltern by the local barbarian Vansazi guentar clans, until the Sawandar agree to start trading with them. First invention of the Wheel, in Skeltern, due to cooperation between guentar and human farmers.
101,500The Zaventar stone-shaper civilization has migrated as far west as the Great Valley. The Gazoa, the giant-sized strain of descendants of the Eagle Clans, observe and learn the techniques of agriculture. The Gazoa begin to farm in the less-forested plains by the foothills, creating irrigation ditches to bring the river to them.
102,000The Jangian giants beat back a catastrophic wildfire in the Great Valley forests using knowledge of irrigation and their newfound Water magic.
102,500The stone-shaper Chawendal civilization advances north into the temperate plains, sweeping up the remaining barbarians formerly belonging to the Vanuset. The civilization also begins to expand east and south along the coast.
103,000The stone-shaping civilization of Zefar, allied with the Drendel guentars, rolls south along the plains like a juggernaut and crushes the fledgling civilization of the Temawathi telepaths. The descendants of Temu are captured, killed, assimilated, and scattered.
104,000The south-chain island tribes of Lomizana, along with the Ethonwa mermaids, begin to raid the coast of the mainland, where the Barruno are just beginning to discover agriculture on their own.
104,500The tribes of Barruno rebel against the Ellamis island traders and the Miadon mermaids, arming themselves with bronze weapons and taking back the region of the Odayinar Valley. On the other side of the world, the Jurenn tribe of the south island, and the Bzeen tribe of the west island, unite into one larger civilization. With the tin mines of the Jurenn and the copper mines of the Bzeen, the two cultures alloy themselves into the Bronze Empire.
105,000The Dath civilization is founded on the shores of the river they call Galos. They farm its banks and build their cities there. However, the Galos valley north of them is denied; that is occupied by the giants of Chon Zin and their bird-man allies. Warlord Bar-Ot-Almos leads a disastrous frontal assault against the Valley and fails spectactularly to take it. Protracted, intermittent war sets in between Dath and Chon Zin.
105,100The city of Nagiz is founded at the craggy south end of the Galos River Valley, by the grandson of Bar-Ot-Almos, as a fortification against encroachment by the giants of Chon Zin. The capital of the Sathad empire is established there, staring into the maw of the Chon Zin lands. The view up the river valley quickly becomes known as The Teeth of Nagiz.
105,250The Pharaohs of the Empire of Sathad, too distracted with war against Chon Zin to conquer their other neighbors, establish the Great Temple of Pharo in a bid to unify the other nations behind them. The trading empire thus established, linking Sathad with the Bronze Empire in the seas to the south, and the contact established with the Inoens, makes Sathad the first true Bronze Age civilization.

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